Occupational Gender Segregation in the Rural and Urban Labor Market of Pakistan
This study provides detailed insight into the extent and pattern of occupational segregation by gender in a multi-group context in Pakistan. Microdata obtained from the labor force survey of Pakistan for years 2013-2018 are pooled to obtain more reliable estimates over time. The local segregation measures are used to study occupational segregation by gender and for several subgroups based on individual and labor market characteristics. The analysis is performed separately for rural and urban areas. Results show significantly high occupational gender segregation in the labor market overall. Females suffer greater occupational segregation than males in all subgroups across regions. It is also found that human capital characteristics such as higher education do not contribute to controlling the occupational segregation in the labor market. The study concludes that the occupational gender segregation in Pakistan can be explained by the devaluation hypothesis and compensating differentials theory.
Population Review
Volume 62, Number 1, 2023
Type: Article, pp. 86-105
Occupational Gender Segregation in the Rural and Urban Labor Market of Pakistan
Authors: Muhammad Zaheer Khan, Rusmawati Said, Nur Syazwani Mazlan, Norashidah Mohamed Nor
Authors affiliations: School of Business and Economics, University Putra, Malaysia
Corresponding author/address: Muhammad Zaheer Khan email- Zaheer.onnet@gmail.com
Abstract
This study provides detailed insight into the extent and pattern of occupational segregation by gender in a multi-group context in Pakistan. Microdata obtained from the labor force survey of Pakistan for years 2013-2018 are pooled to obtain more reliable estimates over time. The local segregation measures are used to study occupational segregation by gender and for several subgroups based on individual and labor market characteristics. The analysis is performed separately for rural and urban areas. Results show significantly high occupational gender segregation in the labor market overall. Females suffer greater occupational segregation than males in all subgroups across regions. It is also found that human capital characteristics such as higher education do not contribute to controlling the occupational segregation in the labor market. The study concludes that the occupational gender segregation in Pakistan can be explained by the devaluation hypothesis and compensating differentials theory.
Keywords
Gender segregation, labor markets, Pakistan
© 2023 Sociological Demography Press
MLA
Khan, Muhammad Zaheer, et al. “Occupational Gender Segregation in the Rural and Urban Labor Market of Pakistan.” Population Review, vol. 62 no. 1, 2023, p. 86-105. Project MUSE, doi:10.1353/prv.2023.0003.
APA
Khan, M.Z., Said, R., Mazlan, N.S., & Nor, N.M. (2023). Occupational Gender Segregation in the Rural and Urban Labor Market of Pakistan. Population Review 62(1), 86-105. doi:10.1353/prv.2023.0003.
Chicago
Khan, Muhammad Zaheer, Rusmawati Said, Nur Syazwani Mazlan, and Norashidah Mohamed Nor. “Occupational Gender Segregation in the Rural and Urban Labor Market of Pakistan.” Population Review 62, no. 1 (2023): 86-105. doi:10.1353/prv.2023.0003.
Endnote
TY – JOUR T1 – Occupational Gender Segregation in the Rural and Urban Labor Market of Pakistan A1 – Khan, Muhammad Zaheer A1 – Said, Rusmawati A1 – Mazlan, Nur Syazwani A1 – Nor, Norashidah Mohamed JF – Population Review VL – 62 IS – 1 SP – 86 EP – 105 PY – 2023 PB – Sociological Demography Press SN – 1549-0955 UR – https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/251/article/882071 N1 – Volume 62, Number 1, 2023 ER –
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